Umuyobozi w'Ibiro vya none

Intebe y’ibiro y’ubu yacitse igice nyamukuru c’ibiro kw’isi yose. Izo ntebe zigenewe gufasha abantu bamara umwanya munini cane bicaye ku meza. Ariko none, iyo nzira yava hehe?

Intebe za mbere z’ibiro zari intebe zoroshe z’ibiti zifise amaboko n’inyuma y’inyuma. Bakoreshwa mu kinjana ca 19 kandi ahanini bari babikiye abarongozi n’abarongozi. Izo ntebe ntizari nziza kandi zari zakozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa kera, ivyo bikaba vyatuma bizimvye.

Ikete rya mbere ry’umukuru w’ibiro vy’ubuhinga bwa none ryandikishijwe mu mpera z’ikinjana ca 19 na Thomas E. Warren. Intebe ya Warren yari ifise umugongo w’inyuma kandi yari ibonwa ko ari nshasha ico gihe. Ariko rero, niho mu ntango z’ikinjana ca 20 ni ho intebe z’ibiro zagenda zirushiriza kuba nziza kandi zishoboka.

Mu myaka ya 1920, umuhinga mu vy’ubuhinga bw’amasanamu w’Umudagi Wilhelm Ritz yararemye intebe yahinduye cane ubuhinga bwo gukora intebe y’ibiro. Intebe ya Ritz yari ifise umugongo kandi yari ikozwe mu cuma aho kuba ibiti. Ivyo vyatumye intebe ikomera kandi ituma umuntu agira urugero runini rwo guhindura. Iyo ntebe kandi yari ifise uburyo bwo guhema bwatumye uwukoresha atunganya imfuruka y’intebe n’umugongo.

Mu myaka ya 1930 na 1940, ubuhinga bwa ergonomics bwacitse ikintu giteye ubwoba cane mu guhingura intebe z’ibiro. Intumbero yari iyo gutuma haba intebe zigabanya ubukene n’ukudatekana bifitaniye isano n’ukwicara igihe kirekire. Mu mwaka w’1949, umuhinga mu vy’ubuhinga bwa none Charles Pollock ni we yaremye umuyobozi mukuru wa Pollock, ivyo bikaba vyabonwa ko ari ikintu gikomeye cane mu guhingura intebe y’ibiro. Iyo ntebe yari nziza, iteye igomwe, kandi ishoboka, kandi yatumye abandi bahingura ibintu barema intebe zari zikora neza kandi zikaba ziryoshe.

Mu myaka ya 1960 na 1970, intebe z’ibiro zaciye zirushiriza kuba zikomeye, zifise ibintu bishobora guhindurwa nk’ibikoresho vy’amaboko, uburebure bw’intebe, n’imfuruka y’umugongo. Ivyo vyatumwe n’uko bikenewe cane ko habaho ubuhinga bwo gukora ergonomics mu bidukikije vyo mu biro. Abahinguzi b’ivy’ubuhinga bwa none barakoze kugira ngo bareme ibintu bitameze neza gusa ariko kandi bikaba biryoshe cane kandi bishimishije mu buryo bw’ubwiza.

Gushiraho mudasobwa n’ibindi bikoresho mu myaka ya 1980 na 1990 vyatumye habaho ubuhinga bushasha mu guhingura intebe y’ibiro. Amashami yubatswe n’ibintu vyatuma abakoresha mudasobwa bashobora gukoresha orodinateri, nk’ugushigikirana n’ibikoresho vy’amaboko bishobora guhindurwa. Ivyo vyabandanije gushika mu myaka ya 2000 n’inyuma y’aho, intebe zikaba zari zigenewe kwakira imiterere n’ubunini butandukanye, hamwe n’ihinduka ry’ingeso z’akazi.

Muri iki gihe, intebe z’ibiro zacitse ngirakamaro ku biro vy’ubu. Biza mu migero myinshi, kuva ku ntebe yoroshe zifise uburebure bw’uburebure bw’isi gushika ku modele z’ubuhinga bwa none zifise ibikoresho vyo gukora masagers vyubatswemwo n’ibikoresho vyo gukonjesha. Inyoni ntizigenewe gusa guhumurizwa no gufasha abantu, ariko kandi n’ugushimika ku bijanye n’ugukomeza ibidukikije, gishimikiye cane ku gukoresha ibikoresho vyasubiwemwo no kugabanya ibirenge vya carbone.

Mu gusozera, intebe y’ibiro y’iki gihe yaraje kure cane kuva ya mbere ari intebe yoroshe y’ibiti ifise amaboko. Kubera abahinguzi b’ibintu nka Wilhelm Ritz na Charles Pollock, intebe zarateye imbere cane, ziteye igomwe kandi zishoboka, zihura n’ivyo abantu bamara amasaha menshi bicaye ku meza. Iterambere ry’umugambi wo guhingura intebe y’ibiro rizobandanya uko ubuhinga n’ingeso z’akazi bihinduka, ariko ikintu kimwe kiratomoye: intebe y’ibiro ni igice nyamukuru c’ubuzima bwo mu biro vy’iki gihe.

Imisoro ishushe: intebe y’ibiro y’ubu, abahinguzi b’ibiro vy’ubuhinga bwa none bo mu Bushinwa, abagurisha, uruganda